Forms and Examples of Plagiarism
Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Using another author’s exact words without quotation marks and proper citation (including block indentation for longer excerpts).

• Copying and pasting content from websites or other digital resources without appropriate source citation.

• Paraphrasing or summarizing someone else’s work without giving credit to the original source.

• Submitting, in whole or in part, a paper or project created by another person, whether it was purchased, freely shared, stolen, or otherwise obtained.

Authors who submit material claiming it as their original work but which incorporates ideas, structure, language, or content from other sources without proper acknowledgment are considered to have committed plagiarism.

Expectations for Manuscripts
All manuscripts submitted to the journal must reflect the authors' own research, ideas, or original expression. Each submission will undergo a plagiarism check. If plagiarism is detected or reported, the manuscript will be immediately withdrawn or rejected, and strict action will be taken against the responsible parties.

Exclusions from Plagiarism Checks
The following elements will be excluded from similarity/plagiarism checks:

• Properly quoted or cited material with necessary permissions or attribution.

• References, bibliographies, tables of contents, prefaces, and acknowledgments.

• Common terms, standard laws, symbols, and equations.

Citation Policy and Thresholds
To uphold academic integrity and protect intellectual property, authors must adhere to the following citation guidelines:

• When 14 or more consecutive words are taken from a published work, citation is mandatory.

• If a copied portion exceeds 40 words cumulatively, the content must be enclosed in quotation marks and italicized.

• Any content sourced from materials other than openly available internet sites must be cited appropriately.

• If the total amount of copied content from open-source internet material exceeds 20% of the manuscript, the work will be disqualified from further consideration.